Sneezing, watery, bloodshot eyes, chronic itchiness—you may think we’re describing your seasonal allergies, but no. We are talking about allergies in pets. Allergies aren’t only a human problem—our furry companions can also suffer. From incessant scratching to digestive upsets, allergies in our four-legged friends can be distressing for pets and their owners.
Understanding the root causes of these allergies is crucial for effective management and improving your pet’s quality of life. So, our Neighborhood Veterinary Centers team explains pet allergies, how they develop, and their management.
Types of pet allergies
Allergies occur when the body’s immune system reacts abnormally to typically harmless substances. The immune system mistakes these substances (i.e., allergens) for harmful invaders and triggers an immune response (i.e., an allergic reaction).
Allergies most often manifest as itchiness and skin conditions in cats and dogs, caused by various substances, parasites, and diet, including:
- Environmental substances — These allergies can be triggered by various environmental substances, such as pollen, dust mites, mold, spores, plants, and grasses. Because these allergens are airborne and impossible to avoid, they are often difficult to pinpoint and treat.
- Flea allergy dermatitis — Flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) is a condition that develops in a pet who is allergic to the proteins contained in flea saliva. The reaction, which can occur after a single flea bite, includes intense irritation, itching and inflammation. FAD can be managed with year-round prevention products that come as oral and topical medications. Flea collars can be helpful, but are not nearly as effective. Fleas will also need to be eliminated from your home.
- Food — Pets can develop allergies to certain ingredients in their food. Common culprits include proteins such as beef, chicken, and dairy, as well as grains, including wheat and corn. Pets can also be allergic to additives in food, dyes used to color food and treats, and preservatives.
- Genetic predisposition — Certain dog and cat breeds are more prone to allergies than others. For example, bulldogs, boxers, and retrievers are known to be predisposed to allergies, as are Persian, Maine Coon, and Siamese cats. Pets with a family history of allergies are more likely to develop them, as well.
- Immune system dysfunction — Allergic reactions occur when the immune system sees harmless substances as threats and releases histamines. Researchers suggest that a lack of early exposure to diverse microorganisms may contribute to immune system dysregulation and increase the risk of pet allergies, and the hypothesis is becoming widely accepted.
- Air quality — Poor indoor air quality caused by various factors, including dust, mold, and cigarette smoke, can exacerbate pet allergies in pets. Pollen and other environmental allergens that fluctuate with the seasons can also affect pets. Vacuuming floors and rugs regularly, frequently laundering your pet’s bedding, and using air purifiers with HEPA filters can help.
- Diet and nutrition — Certain proteins and additives commonly found in pet food may trigger allergic reactions and food sensitivities in susceptible pets, although food allergies are not common in pets. A diet lacking essential nutrients may also weaken the immune system and make pets more susceptible. Consult our Neighborhood Veterinary Centers team for personalized nutrition consultations and dietary recommendations.
Allergies in pets are complex and challenging, but owners who understand the causes and the signs can help ensure their pet receives prompt, effective treatment and management for all the many allergy types. Most importantly, owners must ensure their pet takes a flea and tick preventive year-round.
Is your pet scratching more than usual? They may have allergies and need veterinary help to alleviate their itchiness and discomfort. Contact our Neighborhood Veterinary Centers team, so we can formulate a customized prevention plan. We want your pet to thrive, not suffer.
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