Ticks are more than just a summer annoyance; they are vectors of numerous diseases that can have severe consequences for pets, particularly dogs. These tiny parasites attach themselves to the host, feeding on their blood and potentially transmitting pathogens. Ticks are endemic to all regions of the United States. To protect your pet from ticks, our Neighborhood Veterinary Centers team describes common tick-borne illnesses, signs, and prevention. 

Tick-borne diseases in pets

Most people are familiar with Lyme disease and carefully check their pet’s body for ticks after being outdoors. Your pet can contract any of the following tick-borne illnesses:

  • Anaplasmosis — Caused by the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum and carried by the black-legged tick, anaplasmosis can cause fever, joint pain, lethargy, vomiting, anorexia, and diarrhea. Diagnosis and treatment involve specific blood tests and prescribed antibiotics such as doxycycline.
  • Lyme disease — Affecting primarily people and dogs, Lyme disease is carried by the black-legged tick, also known as the deer tick. Cats rarely contract Lyme disease. Pets’ Lyme disease signs include fever, lameness, swollen joints, lethargy, and appetite loss. Our team uses blood tests for antibodies to detect Lyme, and treatment typically involves antibiotics such as doxycycline.
  • Ehrlichiosis — This disease is carried by several species of brown ticks that are found worldwide. Pets’ ehrlichiosis signs include fever, weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, respiratory distress, and bleeding disorder. For an accurate diagnosis, our Neighborhood Veterinary Centers team uses blood tests and bone marrow analysis. Many pets recover after taking prescribed antibiotics.
  • Babesiosis — Caused by the bacteria Babesia canis and Babesia gibsoni, babesiosis is contracted through a tick bite or, in some cases, a bite from an infected dog. Pets’ babesiosis signs include hemolytic anemia, fever, lethargy, jaundice, and dark urine. Diagnosis and treatment involve blood smears, other diagnostic testing, and antiprotozoal drugs.
  • Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) — Both dogs and cats can contract RMSF, but the disease is more prevalent in dogs. Despite its name, RMSF is found throughout the United States. Pets’ RMSF signs include fever, muscle pain, joint pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and neurologic signs. Our team prescribes antibiotics to treat pets’ RMSF.
  • Cytauxzoonosis — This tick-borne disease is specific to the feline population and is most commonly carried by the lone star tick. Unfortunately, cytauxzoonosis is usually fatal because the parasite attacks the red blood cells. While this disease has primarily been found in the southern United States, the condition continues to spread north. Treatment often involves hospitalization for supportive care such as intravenous (IV) fluids, blood transfusions, and medications. 

Preventing tick-borne illnesses in your pet

Ticks and other parasites are an unfortunate part of spending time outdoors. While we coexist with these pests, taking steps to protect your furry pal is imperative. Our team recommends the following methods:

  • Tick control products — Maintain your pet’s parasite prevention using our veterinarian-recommended tick prevention products, including topical treatments and oral medications.
  • Tick inspection — Inspect your pet’s skin regularly for ticks, especially after outdoor activities. Pay close attention to your pet’s ears, underbelly, and between toes.
  • Environmental control — Ensure your yard is free of tall grass and brush, where ticks thrive. If ticks are prevalent around the home, consider professional pest control services.
  • Vaccination — Vaccines are available for certain tick-borne diseases such as Lyme disease. Consult with our team about appropriate vaccinations and your pet’s tick-borne disease risk.
  • Wellness exams — Early detection of tick-borne diseases is critical to a positive prognosis. Annual veterinary exams and prompt attention to changes to your pet’s health can prevent serious complications. Blood tests and other diagnostic tools are essential for early and accurate diagnosis.

Tick-borne diseases significantly threaten your pet’s health, but you can minimize their risk with proper preventive measures and timely medical intervention. Remain vigilant, practice regular tick control, and schedule your pet’s routine wellness exams with our team to ensure your furry pal remains healthy and tick-free. If you have questions about tick-borne illnesses and your pet, contact our Neighborhood Veterinary Centers team.